The word discipleship is frequently used in contemporary churches, yet its meaning is not always clearly understood.

Churches advertise discipleship classes, discipleship groups, leadership development programs, mentoring relationships, and spiritual growth initiatives. Some programs are designed for recent converts, while others target believers who desire a deeper commitment to Christ.

These activities may serve legitimate purposes. However, their existence raises an important question.

Is discipleship something a Christian participates in, or is it fundamental to what it means to be a Christian?

The distinction is more than semantic.

Christians frequently speak of being “called” by God. A pastor may say he was called to ministry. A missionary may describe being called to another country. Someone else may speak of being called to teach, serve, plant a church, or undertake some particular work for God. Yet what exactly does Scripture mean when it speaks of God calling someone?

One contemporary explanation describes calling simply as an invitation from God—God invites a person to participate in something, and that person may accept or decline. There is an element of truth in that description. The language of calling can include invitation. But as a comprehensive biblical definition, invitation is inadequate.

It does not adequately explain Moses at the burning bush, Gideon at the winepress, Jeremiah's appointment as a prophet, Jonah's command to Nineveh, Isaiah before the throne of God, the Twelve being appointed and sent by Christ, or Paul confronted by the risen Lord on the Damascus road.

In these passages, God does considerably more than present an opportunity.